09 Dec A complete report is presented to an excellent standard with an original and detailed combination of team-level observations or individual observations will good details about what are the
1.Criteria description：
A complete report is presented to an excellent standard with an original and detailed combination of team-level observations or individual observations will good details about what are the experience and how you or team managed those; as well as evaluations or reflections on the experience. Project critical success factors literature was well understood and studied to evaluate your experience and explored ‘why’ the experience. Meaningful recommendations for future practice, which are detailed enough for showing how exactly an issue could be dealt with. Such recommendations are clearly based on your experience and research, showing good guidance for your future study and practice. (Scoring details are in the attachment）
Tips:
1500 words +-10% (exclude reference list)
Times New Roman, Calibri font, size 12, Arial font, size 11, line spacing 1.5，Harvard format for references
Theoretical knowledge combined with real-life practice
2. Points of collection:
My role in the team is Scriptwriter, mid-term PPT and speechwriter. The results of the PPT are shown in the attachment. Other’s role include Video Capture & Edit, Voice Over, Researcher, Story-boarder, Producer, Interviewer, Planner.
① Observation/experience of a certain point:
What happened 10 marks
When did it happen/ In what situation it happened 3 marks
What is your/other’s role 2 marks
What did you or others do? 7 marks
At the moment: why or what were the motivations for you to do so? 8 marks
What are consequences of doing so? 15 marks
② Evaluations and reflection:
A statement of :
Did it go well/wrong?/What was positive and negative? /The impacts on project delivery or you 5 marks
Detailed reflection:
Thinking back: Why it was well /not well?/What did you/others do well/not so well in the point you mentioned? 10 marks
What theory/research can also explain why this worked well/not well? 15 marks
③Recommendation–how to avoid this failure/continue the success
What would you do in a similar situation
Generalise the specific learning point/situation/events/ideas 5 marks
Detailed guidance of actions – What aspects of knowledge/skills do you want to develop/a step-by-step detailed method summarised 10 marks
Recommendations are supported by observation or literature 10 marks
3.Notes for your individual coursework:
You need to have both individual-level (yourself) and team-level (collective/others) learning in your report
You need to fulfil the lower marking criteria first, then you can be considered for the next level
For example, if your description of your events/experience is not detailed enough, even though you have a good analysis to literature, it will not be marked to 60
Good experience is also an important learning source
The nature of this report is self-reflection, so using first-person is allowed. However, your reflections cannot be subjective.
No plagiarism (including self-plagiarism)
1.Criteria description：
A complete report is presented to an excellent standard with an original and detailed combination of team-level observations or individual observations will good details about what are the experience and how you or team managed those; as well as evaluations or reflections on the experience. Project critical success factors literature was well understood and studied to evaluate your experience and explored ‘why’ the experience. Meaningful recommendations for future practice, which are detailed enough for showing how exactly an issue could be dealt with. Such recommendations are clearly based on your experience and research, showing good guidance for your future study and practice.
Tips:
1500 words +-10% (exclude reference list)
Times New Roman, Calibri font, size 12, Arial font, size 11, line spacing 1.5)
Points of collection:
My role in the team is Scriptwriter, mid-term PPT and speechwriter. The results of the PPT are shown in the attachment. Other’s role include Video Capture & Edit, Voice Over, Researcher, Story-boarder, Producer, Interviewer, Planner.
① Observation/experience of a certain point:
What happened 10 marks
When did it happen/ In what situation it happened 3 marks
What is your/other’s role 2 marks
What did you or others do? 7 marks
At the moment: why or what were the motivations for you to do so? 8 marks
What are consequences of doing so? 15 marks
② Evaluations and reflection:
A statement of :
Did it go well/wrong?/What was positive and negative? /The impacts on project delivery or you 5 marks
Detailed reflection:
Thinking back: Why it was well /not well?/What did you/others do well/not so well in the point you mentioned? 10 marks
What theory/research can also explain why this worked well/not well? 15 marks
③Recommendation–how to avoid this failure/continue the success
What would you do in a similar situation
Generalise the specific learning point/situation/events/ideas 5 marks
Detailed guidance of actions – What aspects of knowledge/skills do you want to develop/a step-by-step detailed method summarised 10 marks
Recommendations are supported by observation or literature 10 marks
3.Notes for your individual coursework:
You need to have both individual-level (yourself) and team-level (collective/others) learning in your report
You need to fulfil the lower marking criteria first, then you can be considered for the next level
For example, if your description of your events/experience is not detailed enough, even though you have a good analysis to literature, it will not be marked to 60
Good experience is also an important learning source
The nature of this report is self-reflection, so using first-person is allowed. However, your reflections cannot be subjective.
No plagiarism (including self-plagiarism)
,
Introduction to Project Management and ENGM 60061
Dr Kun Wang
Intended learning outcome
By the end of this course, we expect you to:
1. Be able to define ‘project’ and ‘project management’
2. Get to know the development of project management discipline
3. Identify the characteristics and the key terms of managing projects
4. Have an overview of ENGM60061
1. Definition of ‘Project’ and ‘Project Management’
1.1 Definition of ‘Project’
1.1.1 Etymology of project:
“c. 1400: projecte, "a plan, draft, scheme, design"
Medieval Latin:proiectum "something thrown forth"
Modern English:The word “project” means something thrown forth or out; an idea or conception (Oxford English Dictionary);
1.1.2 Definitions from Associations
According to the (Project Management Institute, USA)PMI:
“A temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or service.”
According to the (Association for Project Management, UK )APM, a project is:
“An undertaking which, via a series of planned activities, is designed to achieve a particular objective by a particular time.”
The word “project” means something thrown forth or out; an idea or conception
| Characteristics | |
| Temporary, particular time | Dead woods VS high motivated members New knowledge VS no time to get familiar Deadlines Feeling unsafe about the position Flexible leadership skills More justification on benefits … |
A temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or service.
An undertaking which, via a series of planned activities, is designed to achieve a particular objective by a particular time.
Our thoughts
Reading
A theory of the temporary organization
https://www-sciencedirect-com.manchester.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/095652219500036U
Predicting temporary agency workers' behaviors: Justice, volition, and spillover
You can search “behaviour”
OR “management”
AND “temporary organisation” and try to categorise the topic yourself
Recommended tool: University library webpage, google scholar, web of science, Scopus
1.2 Definition of Project Management
The word “project” means something thrown forth or out; an idea or conception (Oxford English Dictionary); “management” is “the art of arranging physical and human resources towards purposeful ends” (Wren 2005: 12).
Project management therefore means…the application of processes, methods, skills, knowledge and experience to achieve specific project objectives according to the project acceptance criteria within agreed parameters. Project management has final deliverables that are constrained to a finite timescale and budget.
1.2.1 Key roles in managing a project
Project sponsor
Project sponsor is an individual or a group that provides resources and support for the project and is accountable for enabling success.
Project clients is the person(s) or organization(s) that will pay for the project's product, service, or result.
Clients
Project Manager
Other stakeholders
Project Board
Project Team members
Project team
1.2.2 Throw a project forth
Project management application of processes, methods, skills, knowledge and experience to achieve specific project objectives according to the project acceptance criteria within agreed parameters. Project management has final deliverables that are constrained to a finite timescale and budget.
Project goals are the high-level benefits that the project should generate, while project objectives are the specific milestones or steps that are needed to complete them. If you don’t have a clear target your project is going to miss the mark.
Objective should be
• Specific
• Measurable
• Achievable
• Realistic
• Time bound
1.2.2 Throwing-a-project-forth – 2
Deliverables
Project deliverables refer to all of the outputs—tangible or intangible—that are submitted within the scope of a project.
Scope
What is included in your project and what is not
Business case
A business case essentially states the reasons for undertaking the project. It explains business needs that the project will meet and what are the expected benefits and return on investment for project stakeholders.
1.2.3 Output of your initial thoughts – a project charter
A project charter is a formal, typically short document that describes your project in its entirety — including what the objectives are, how it will be carried out, and who the stakeholders are.
2. Development of Modern Project Management Discipline
3300BC – 2000BC
Liangzhu China
2686 BC－ 2181 BC
Pyramids, Egypt
2.1 Get separated from engineering
US defence –aerospace sector, 1953
InterContinental Ballistic Missiles
2.1.1 Managing complex engineering system
Urgent
High-complex
How fast can we get it?
Make it controllable
2.1.2 Main tools to response management needs of complex system
How fast can we get it?
Developed by Dupont, Critical Path Method is a technique used to predict project duration by analysing which sequence of activities has the least amount of flexibility.
Make it controllable – project life cycle
Different terms used to describe the phases in a project’s life cycle:
Initiation – Planning – Execution – Closeout
Concept – Definition – Development – Handover and Closeout – Benefits Realisation
Defining – Planning – Executing – Delivering
Key Variables Across Project Life Cycles
Make it controllable – work breakdown structure (WBS)
WBS is an exhaustive, hierarchical tree structure of deliverables and tasks that need to be performed to complete a project.
2.2 Get separated from general management
Project management can help a company
achieve its strategic goals in the light of:
Compressed product life cycles with a narrow product launch windows
Increasingly complex and technical products
Increased customer focus
Emergence of global markets/competition
Temporary competitive advantage
Strategic agility and emergent strategies
Views of project success and failure
The success of project management is measured in terms of completing the project within the constraints of Cost, Time, Scope and Quality(resources, and risk).
These were searched within International journal of Project Management
2.3 On becoming an independent profession
What do you mean by project management ?
Everything is project management…???
3. Overview of ENGM 60061 coursework
Please check
Unit guide / assessment areas for deadlines
Assignment brief for requirements
image2.jpeg
image3.emf
image1.emf
image4.png
image5.png
image6.png
image7.png
image8.png
image9.png
image10.png
image11.png
image12.png
image13.png
image14.png
image15.png
image16.png
image17.png
image18.png
image19.png
image20.png
,
Overview of Project Planning
Project Scheduling
Dr Kun Wang [email protected]
Learning objectives:
Understand project planning and its importance
Understand project scope management, product breakdown structures, and work breakdown structures
Compare different project scheduling tools
Apply project crashing techniques (Elearning, Week4, Week 7)
By the end of this week, we would like you to be able to:
Leading case for this lecture
There is a Covid -60061 around and the
cases of infection have increased dramatically.
Let’s build a hospital within 19 days for the kingdom of MoP!
Project planning
Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal.
Let’s roll this material
Let’s save life
Look up at the starry sky, stand on solid ground
The project plan, also called project management plan, answers the who, what, where, why, how and when of the project.
Project planning is a –
Team sport
Progressing work
Key to project success
(Conrad Heine, 2022)
You are going to use it for:
Guiding your project implementation;
Tracking progress;
Acting as a baseline and correcting actions;
Communicating with stakeholders.
Scope management during the planning
We need a scope of work before starting any project!
•Scope comprises the totality of the outputs, outcomes and benefits and the work required to produce them
•Scope management is the process whereby outputs, outcomes and benefits are identified, defined, and controlled
It also determines what are out of the scope
What we have set up in the scope management is deliverable, which is a tangible or intangible good or service produced as a result of a project that is intended to be delivered
Expectations
&justifications
Scope management
Details of what should we deliver
The output of scope management is a specification that can be presented as a product breakdown structure (PBS) showing the deliverables and a work breakdown structure (WBS) showing the work required to produce the deliverables
(Project management institution Body of knowledge 6th edition, 2017)
PBS is a hierarchical structure that shows the deliverables of the project.
Considering some construction projects with unique functions as a product, some project managers also use zone breakdown structure.
Hospital
1.1Entrance
1.1.1Reception
1.1.2Sterile
1.1.2.1Changing room
1.1.2.2Sterilization of instruments room
1.2 in-patient department
1.2.1 normal beds
1.2.2 ICU
1.3 Surgical room
A simplified hospital PBS
An example of WBS (Source :Abdellatif, 2017)
WBS is a hierarchical structure that shows work required to create the products. Lowest level of a WBS shows the activities that would be used to create a network diagram for time scheduling
What information can we obtain from/ why do we need a breakdown structure?
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-work-breakdown-structure-54294.html
A milestone is a specific point within a project’s life cycle used to measure the progress toward the ultimate goal. Milestones in project management are used as signal posts for a project's start or end date, external reviews or input, budget checks, submission of a major deliverable, etc. A milestone is a reference point that marks a significant event or a branching decision point within a project.
Examples of project milestones
While the final deliverable or product is indeed a significant milestone, there are several other milestones that will help you move smoothly toward the final goal. An example of a milestone in project management could be any of the following:
The beginning and end dates for project phases
Getting approval from a stakeholder that allows you to move to the next phase
Key deliverables, meetings, or events
Milestone
Gantt chart
WBS
Milestones
What information can you obtain from a Gantt chart? Any benefits of using
Gantt chart?
(Blackwell, 2015)
(Blackwell, 2015)
Network Diagram
The network diagram is a graphical representation of the project’s activities showing the planned sequence of work; it turns a list of activities to be completed into a flow diagram that outlines:
–Project activities to be completed
–Logical sequence of activities during project life cycle
–Duration of activities and the project duration
–Length of time an activity can be delayed by
–Activities that are more sensitive to delay (critical)
A network is a group or system of interconnected people or things. So a network diagram includes nodes and connections.
Information in a node
Putting activities into the nodes of a network
A: Designing
B: Foundation digging
C: Equipment transportation
D: Plumbing
E: Wiring
F: Unit fitting
Step 1: Draw table to highlight Activities and Dependencies
Step 2: Draw the Network Diagram
Arrows to link the nodes
Critical path analysis calculates the earliest and latest dates for the performance of each activity and hence the overall duration of the project. It then calculates the amount that individual activities can be delayed without affecting the project finish.
Critical path is the longest path (or paths) through the network
Delayed tasks were only worth worrying about if they were likely to affect (go on to) the critical path
We must constantly run schedule risk analysis and determine what the current critical path is (as it WILL change)
Forward Pass
The forward pass through the network determines the earliest an activity can start, based on the defined schedule logic
0
3
3
3
8
7
8
8
10
16
16
19
Forward Pass—Earliest Times
How soon can the activity start? (early start—ES)
How soon can the activity finish? (early finish—EF)
How soon can the project finish? (expected time—ET)
Float is a measure of an activity’s flexibility, showing how many units (minutes, hours, days) an activity can be delayed before it will extend the completion date of the project
Float = LS – ES
= LF – EF
Backward Pass
The backward pass through the network determines the latest an activity can finish without delaying the project completion date, based on the defined schedule logic.
19
0
19-19=0
16
16
16
16
6
16-10=6
0
9
14
8+6=14, since the latest finish time is 16, earliest finish time is 10
it gives us a 6 days float to delay the day 8 start with 6 days
12
8
3+9=12
8+0=8
8
8 VS 14, the latest start time for D,E are 8 and 14, if we finished B later than day 8, D start will be delayed, so we chose 8
0
8-8=0
3
3+0=0
3
0
0
16-2=14, Finish time – duration = start time
Backward Pass—Latest Times
How late can the activity start? (late start—LS)
How late can the activity finish? (late finish—LF)
Which activities represent the critical path?
How long can activity be delayed? (slack or float—SL)
A->B->D->F
Basic Rules
1.Networks have a start and an end, flow left to right
2.Activities should not be looped
3.An activity cannot begin until all preceding connected activities are complete (finish-to-start relationship)
4.An activity needs a unique identification number and activities should be numbered sequentially
5.Lines can cross (although it makes it more difficult to read and follow)!
6. You may have more than one critical path
Finished ?
Why do we need to know critical path?
If it's important for your project to finish on schedule, pay close attention to the tasks on the critical path and the resources assigned to them. If a critical task takes longer than expected or a resource is suddenly unavailable for a critical task, the project will not be completed by the original finish date. (Micosoft, 2021)
Mostly, it’s a challenge to allocate resources effectively to ensure optimal utilization of resources. Without knowing the critical tasks, you may end up assigning your best resources to tasks that are of less importance and vice-versa.
Another major highlight of the CPM technique is that you can modify your network diagram to adjust work changes that may happen while proceeding with project tasks. (proofhub, 2022)
More importantly – how can we manage a critical path?
See you in mid-term
Project crashing
Project crashing is a method for shortening project’s duration by reducing time of one or more activities;
Usually we will cost more due to we need to finish one activity sooner; such cost called direct cost, which are the resources that are directly spent on project, e.g labour.
However, there are also indirect cost that is you need to spend every day/week/year anyway, such as renting an office, thi
Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteDemy. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Fill in all the assignment paper details that are required in the order form with the standard information being the page count, deadline, academic level and type of paper. It is advisable to have this information at hand so that you can quickly fill in the necessary information needed in the form for the essay writer to be immediately assigned to your writing project. Make payment for the custom essay order to enable us to assign a suitable writer to your order. Payments are made through Paypal on a secured billing page. Finally, sit back and relax.