08 Oct Cogeneration Power Plants Performance & Enhancement
Cogeneration Power Plants Performance & Enhancement
General Description:
Four power plants with a total installed capacity of over 2000 MW are owned by one of Bahrain’s largest power producing companies. One of the power plants uses a mixed cycle with five gas turbines and one steam turbine. They recently upgraded the steam turbine unit by installing a new feedwater heater, and they want to explore how it affects the thermal efficiency of the entire plant. The steam turbine was last upgraded a decade ago, and the manager must present the new steam turbine system and demonstrate that the plant update was successful with all relevant information.
Your Role:
Consider any appropriate and relevant power plant of this type in Bahrain, and conduct some research on many technical characteristics available for this analysis. After graduating from Bahrain Polytechnic with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, you will be given the opportunity to work as an engineer for this company. Your line manager will assign this case study to you as a trainee to analyze the scenario of upgrading the existing system to a new cogeneration power plant that generates power using a combination of the Rankine cycle and the Brayton cycle. It would be really appreciated if you could provide a new design for the entire system in order to increase the plant’s efficiency.
The following are the two stages of analysis in this case study:
You must analyze and enhance the existing power plant by addingfeedwater pumps and feedwater heaters; and
You must design a cogeneration power plant by upgrading the above system designed in stage-1 and adding a Brayton cycle;
Figure 1: Cogeneration Power plant
Cogeneration Power Plant:
One of the future new communities in Bahrain that is currently under development plans utilise process heating and generate electricity for the community. Cogeneration, in general, is a process that produces multiple useful forms of energy from a single energy source. As a result, any power plant that uses this method is known as a Cogeneration Power Plant (CPP) or a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant.Due to unusual changes, such as quick increases in fuel prices and the potential energy-efficiency of the Process Heating System, the usage of process heat is on the rise in many nations (PHS).This case study aims to analyze a Cogeneration Power Plant, which generates both process heat and electric power from a single energy source. In a cogeneration power plant, the power cycle can be a Rankine cycle, a Brayton cycle, or a combination of the two. The utilization factor of a cogeneration power plant is defined as the fraction of energy used for either process heat or power generation, as shown in the following equation. Figure 2 depicts a typical steam turbine in use at this cogeneration plant right now.
Utilization Factor=(Net Work Output+Process Heat)/(Total Heat Input)
Figure 2: Model steam turbine for combinedpower cycle
Technicalinformation given:
The following information was provided by the responsible engineer of that power plant regarding the steam cycle part:
(m_1 ) ?tonnes per hour of superheated steam enters the high-pressure turbine atT_1oC and P_1Bar, and is discharged isentropically until the pressure reaches P_2Bar. After exiting the high-pressure turbine,(m_2 ) ?tonnes per hourof steam is extracted to the open feedwater heater, and the remaining steam flows to the low-pressure turbine, where it expands to P_3Bar. At the condenser, the steam is totally condensed.The temperature at the condenser’s outflow is the same as the saturation temperature at the same pressure. The liquid is compressed to P_2Bar after passing through the condenser and then allowed to flow through the mixing preheater (a heat exchanger with efficiency η)where it is completely condensed. The preheated feed water will be fed into the heat exchanger through a second feed pump, where it will be heated and superheated to a temperature of T_1oC. In the winter, the overall process heating demand is assumed to be Q ? MWwhile this power plant’s electricity demand is E ?MW.
Data to be taken for the analysis:
Assume any value in the range provided in the following parameter against the parameter:
Parameter Value range
(m_1 ) ? 10 to 15 (step of 1)
(m_2 ) ? 1.0 to 1.5 (step of 0.1)
T_1 450 to 550 (step of 10)
P_1 20 to 30 (step of 2)
P_2 4 to 6 (step of 0.5)
P_3 0.4 to 1.0 (step of 0.1)
?82% to 88%(step of 1)
Q ? 1.2 MW to2.2 MW (step of 0.2)
E ?5.5 MW to6.5 MW (step of 0.25)
Assessment Details
Assessment Type : Practical Project
Weighting : 40% of the final grade
Late rule : Applied
Type : Individual assessment
Submission details : Soft Copy onto Moodle
Due Date : Thursday, 26-May-202216:00 hrs.
Re-Sit rule : NO
MUST Pass : NO
Learning Outcomes Assessed : 1,2, 3, 4
Project Report layout and Marking schedule (40%)
You must prepare a report,that include the following, with the analysis of the existing power plant and provide new design for its performance upgradation.:
Summary: The summary must include a description of the project and its important aspects, as well as the problem to be solved, the reasons for choosing this project, the methodology to be used, the main findings, and brief conclusions. (Maximum 200 words or 1 page)
Assumptions:The important technical assumptions that must be made in this analysis should be identified, analyzed, and documented here, encompassing all technological backgrounds. (Maximum 150 wordsor 1 page)
Introduction: This section of the report must include a clear summary of the project’s background information; a literature review (a collection of relevant material to the project; your approach must be summarized at the end of this review); and the project’s goals and objectives.Proper citation should be provided to the reference.(Maximum of 300 words or two pages)
Theoretical aspects and analysis: This section contains a technical description of the Power Station you chose for this analysis, including the design technique adopted, the characteristics of the power cycle, the methodology, the plant’s capacity, and current efficiency, as well as all other theoretical issues. (Maximum of 400 wordsor two pages)
Schematic of the power plant:An excellent and high-quality schematic must be presented, with all necessary and appropriate information pertinent to the analysis’ content. Any diagramming and vector graphics application, such as Microsoft Visio, can be used.(Maximum 1 page)
Property diagrams:Clear diagrams based on various properties such as pressure-volume and temperature-entropy should be provided. These diagrams should incorporate all of the necessary and relevant data. (Maximum 1 Page each)
Results and discussion: This section of the report must include all of the project’s findings, including all of the results, specific methodology, calculations for various parameters in every step of the steam cycle, including the quantity of feed water required in the cycle, the combined cycle plant’s utilization factor, and overall cycle thermal efficiency, designs, and so on (describe if the findings support the original objectives). Discuss whether the cycle’s thermal efficiency is adequate, as well as the steam cycle’s overall operation.(Maximum of 800 wordsor three pages)
Conclusions and recommendations: The project’s conclusion should summarize all of the report’s important points. This section should also include any ideas or proposals for future modifications and enhancements to the above steam cycle, as well as any other power cycles in the Kingdom. Remember to include the cost parameter as well.(Maximum of 400 wordsor two pages)
Analysis of the technical difficulties: In this section of the report, which covers all of the project’s necessary features, a very detailed analysis of any technical challenges should be included.(Maximum of 200 wordsor 1 page)
Use of high-quality references: Include a list of all the high-quality references that came up during this analysis. (no limit but mandatory)
Appendices (if necessary): Further details of results, mathematical derivations, and portions of program code that was developed, if any, can be presented in this section. (no limit)
LO-wise evaluation criteria:
Component LO-1 LO-2 LO-3 LO-4
Summary (Max: 5 marks for each LO)
Assumptions (Max: 5 marks for each LO)
Introduction (Max: 10 marks for each LO)
Theoretical Aspects & Analysis (Max: 20 marks for each LO)
Schematic of the power plant (Max: 5 marks for each LO)
PropertyDiagrams (Max: 5 marks for each LO)
Results & Discussion (Max: 20 marks for each LO)
Conclusions & Recommendations (Max: 10 marks for each LO)
Analysis of the Technical Difficulties (Max: 10 marks for each LO)
Use of high-quality references (Max: 10 marks for each LO)
LO-wise total marks obtained:
Maximum Marks per LO: 100 100 100 100
Total obtained marks:
Range A B C D
5% 5.0 – 4.5 4.0 – 3.0 2.5 – 1.5 1.0 – 0.0
10% 10.0 – 8.5 8.0 – 7.0 6.5 – 6.0 5.0 – 0.0
20% 20.0 – 18.0 17.0 – 11.0 10.0 – 6.0 5.0 – 0.0
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