17 Aug The paper that will be turned in for credit will consist of a) identification of the target behavior,

Paper 1

Read Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor (2016) Download Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor (2016)

Then create a Word document with an APA style title page and answer the following questions about the article. You will also need an APA style reference page which includes the article itself and the dictionary source for the words you look up.

1. The authors reviewed four different meta-analyses that have, largely, demonstrated that corporal punishment (i.e., spanking) is linked with negative outcomes. The authors indicated, “these meta-analyses provide evidence that physical punishment is associated with negative child outcomes…and that harsher methods of physical punishment are more strongly associated with negative child outcomes than ordinary spanking” (Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor, 2016, p. 2). Given that these meta-analyses span roughly 229 different studies, why do we still allow (and expect and approve of) spanking children?
2. Do you agree with the statement that “parents who use harsh or abusive methods are fundamentally different from parents who use only spanking” (p. 3)? Explain.
3. Summarize Table 1 in two sentences.
4. Based on what you read in the article, would you argue that spanking is a “gateway” to abuse?
5. What are the implications of this article?
6. For each class in which I require article questions, I ask that you identify words in the article that you are unfamiliar with. The goal is to help build your vocabulary which is helpful in life and, especially, for the Graduate Record Examination (should you decide to take it in the future). Please complete this portion even if you feel you know all of the words in the article. It is good practice. Also, be sure to provide a reference for where you found the information. Identify 4 words that you are unfamiliar with and provide a definition for each. Be sure to provide in-text references and entries on the reference page for each.

PAPER 2

1. Experiment #3: Instrumental (operant) conditioning using punishment only (due 7/24)

You will complete four different experiments that utilize different learning strategies that will be discussed in this course. For each experiment you are to identify a behavior that you would like changed. The behavior can be your own or someone else’s in your environment (spouse, pet, parent). After the behavior is identified, you will develop a plan to change that behavior using the specific learning principle for that experiment. You will implement the training procedure with your individual. The paper that will be turned in for credit will consist of a) identification of the target behavior, b) plan to change said behavior, c) how the plan was implemented in full detail, and d) the results of your attempts to retrain the behavior. The type of learning principle per experiment is listed below: Experiments should be at least 2 pages long (not including a title page and a reference page, if applicable). This third project is on punishment conditioning. You will be administering a punishment for a behavior you want to see DECREASE.

PAPER 3-Supplemental Notes

Machiavelli’s The Prince 2021.pdf