18 Oct The epidemiologic and clinical descriptions of a disease are different.

The epidemiologic and clinical descriptions of a disease are different.

 

  True

 

  False

 

Question 2Koch published Die Aetiologie der Tuberkulose in 1882, a breakthrough that led to improved classification of disease by specific causal organisms.

 

  True

 

  False

 

Question 3E. coli O157:H7 is not considered a threat to the food supply of the United States.

 

  True

 

  False

 

Question 4The Framingham Heart Study, begun in 1948, pioneered research into coronary heart disease risk factors.

 

  True

 

  False

 

Question 5Education in epidemiology can be obtained via special summer session programs and online programs.

 

  True

 

  False

 

Question 6The study of diseases linked to harmful physical energy, such as ionizing radiation, would be outside the scope of epidemiology.

 

  True

 

  False

 

Question 7In the Yearly Mortality Bill for 1632, consumption referred to:

 

  smallpox.

 

  edema.

 

 

 

  tuberculosis.

 

  dysentery.

 

Question 8Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology?

 

  To fund new public health programs

 

  To describe the health status of the population

 

  To explain the etiology of disease

 

  To predict the occurrence of disease

 

  To control the distribution of disease

 

Question 9The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is responsible for:

 

  printing epidemiologic reports for members of the community.

 

  reporting suspicious bioterrorism agents to governmental agencies.

 

  collecting routine epidemiologic data for local health departments.

 

  tracking down disease outbreaks in the United States and foreign countries.

 

Question 10John Snow, in Snow on Cholera:

 

  established postulates for transmission of infectious disease.

 

  was the father of modern biostatistics.

 

  argued that the environment was associated with diseases such as malaria.

 

  was an early epidemiologist who used natural experiments.

 

Review p.26 of your textbook for more information on this question.

 

Question 11Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may reflect:

 

  the fact that influenza is a disappearing disorder.

 

  seasonal variations in cases of influenza and the fact that influenza is a disappearing disorder.

 

  seasonal variations in cases of influenza.

 

  long-term changes in mortality trends.

 

Question 12According to The Association of Schools of Public Health, competencies in epidemiology to be achieved by Master of Public Health degree candidates in public health include:

 

 evaluating the strengths and limitations of epidemiologic reports and calculating basic epidemiology measures.

 

  evaluating the strengths and limitations of epidemiologic reports.

 

  calculating basic epidemiology measures.

 

 evaluating the strengths and limitations of epidemiologic reports, communicating epidemiologic information to lay and professional audiences, and calculating basic epidemiology measures.

 

  communicating epidemiologic information to lay and professional audiences.

 

 Question 13Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiologic approach)?

 

  Demonstration of geographic variations in disease frequency

 

  Examination of disease occurrence among population groups

 

  Description of seasonal trends in disease occurrence

 

  Description of specific signs and symptoms in a patient

 

Question 14Career roles for epidemiologists include: (select all that apply.)

 

  surveillance workers at various levels.

 

  healthcare planners.

 

  researchers.

 

  academic workers.

 

Question 15Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic approach (as opposed to a clinical approach)?

 

  Surveillance of a population

 

  Treatment of a patient with diagnosed illness

 

  Description of a single individual’s symptoms and treatment of a patient with a diagnosed

 

  Description of a single individual’s symptoms

 

Question 16The research process is comprised of five stages. Which of the following is not one of those stages?

 

  Dispersion

 

  Generate theory

 

  Analysis

 

  Data collection

 

Question 17Quantitative research involves the use of which of the following?

 

  Numbers

 

  Description

 

  Letters

 

  Language

 

Question 18Calculate the upper quartile for the following data:

 

12, 16, 20, 2, 16, 15, 20, 18, 7, 9, 7, 18, 20, 17, 4, 19, 22, 19, 27, 22

 

 

 

  4

 

  8

 

  12

 

 20

 

Question 19FCEs by age for lung cancer (C33-C34) in 2006-07

 

(Source: http://www.hesonline.nhs.uk/Ease/servlet/ContentServer?siteID=1937&categoryID=955)

 

What does the data in the chart demonstrate?

 

  A higher incidence of cancer occurs in men across most age groups.

 

  Cancer affects everyone.

 

  The incidence of cancer is highest among women aged 55–59.

 

  The incidence of childhood cancer is highest in girls.

 

 Question 20Calculate the mode using the following data points:

 

12, 16, 20, 2, 16, 15, 20, 18, 7, 9, 7, 18, 20, 17, 4, 19, 22, 19, 27, 22

 

  20

 

  16.5

 

  15.5

 

  16