18 Oct The Circulatory System: Heart
The Circulatory System: Heart
1. The pulmonary circuit is supplied by both the right and the left sides of the heart. True False
2. The systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only.
True False
3. The fibrous skeleton of the heart serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles. True False
4. Blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardium’s oxygen and nutrient needs.
True False
5. Desmosomes form channels that allow each cardiomyocyte to electrically stimulate its neighbors. True False
6. Parasympathetic stimulation reduces heart rate.
True False
7. The cardiac plexus and cardiac nerves dominate the innervation of the heart and contains both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers.
True False
8. Cardiac muscle can only use glucose as a source of organic fuel. True False
9. If the SA node is damaged, nodal rhythm is sufficient to sustain life.
True False
10. Repolarization of a ventricular cardiomyocyte takes longer than repolarization of a typical neuron. True False
11. Atrial hypertrophy would probably cause an enlarged P wave on an electrocardiogram.
True False
12. Papillary muscles prevent the AV valves from prolapsing (bulging) excessively into the atria when the ventricles contract.
True False
13. The ventricles are almost empty at the end of ventricular diastole. True False
14. Ventricular pressure increases the fastest during ventricular filling.
True False
15. Hypercapnia and acidosis have positive chronotropic effects. True False
16. Endurance athletes commonly have a resting heart rate as low as 40 bpm, and a stroke volume as low as 50
mL/beat. True False
17. Exercise causes the ventricles to hypertrophy.
True False
Multiple Choice Questions
18. Which of the following carry oxygen-poor blood?
A. Pulmonary veins and vena cavae
B. Aorta and pulmonary veins
C. Aorta and vena cavae
D. Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries
E. Pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries
19. Which of the following belong to the pulmonary circuit?
A. Aorta and venae cavae
B. Aorta and pulmonary veins
C. Pulmonary arteries and venae cavae
D. Venae cavae and pulmonary veins
E. Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins
20. Which of the following is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart?
A. Parietal pericardium
B. Visceral pericardium
C. Endocardium
D. Epicardium
E. Myocardium
21. The heart is located in the space called the .
A. pericardial cavity
B. mediastinum
C. abdominal cavity
D. pleural cavity
E. myocardium
22. The apex of the heart is found of the midline of the body.
A. to the right
B. to the left
C. in the center
23. Pericardial fluid is found between the and the .
A. visceral pericardium; myocardium
B. visceral pericardium; epicardium
C. parietal; visceral membranes
D. myocardium; endocardium
E. epicardium; myocardium
24. The are the superior chambers of the heart and the are the inferior chambers of the heart.
A. visceral percardia; parietal pericardia
B. ventricles; atria
C. atria; ventricles
D. left ventricles; right ventricles
E. left atria; right atria
25. The shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles is called the .
A. coronary sinus
B. interventricular sulcus
C. interventricular septum
D. coronary sulcus
E. left atrium
26. The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart’s chambers is called the of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the .
A. apex; base
B. atrium; ventricle
C. ventricle; atrium
D. base; apex
E. endocardium; epicardium
27. The performs the work of the heart.
A. fibrous skeleton
B. pericardial cavity
C. endocardium
D. myocardium
E. epicardium
28. The right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) regulates the opening between the and the
A. right atrium; left atrium
B. right atrium; right ventricle
C. right atrium; left ventricle
D. left atrium; left ventricle
E. left ventricle; right ventricle
29. Oxygen-poor blood passes through the .
A. right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves
B. right AV (tricuspid) valve only
C. left AV (mitral) and aortic valves
D. left AV (mitral) valve only
E. pulmonary and aortic valves
30. Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by .
A. breathing
B. gravity
C. valves contracting and relaxing
D. osmotic gradients
E. pressure gradients
31. The valve regulates the flow of blood between the right ventricle and the vessels leading to the lungs.
A. right atrioventricular
B. left atrioventricular
C. aortic
D. pulmonary
E. mitral
32. The carry blood toward the lungs.
A. pulmonary arteries and veins
B. pulmonary trunk and arteries
C. pulmonary trunk and veins
D. superior and inferior venae cavae
E. aorta and pulmonary arteries
33. Which of the following blood vessels receives blood directly from the right ventricle?
A. Pulmonary trunk
B. Ascending aorta
C. Superior vena cava
D. Inferior vena cava
E. Right pulmonary vein
34. The chordae tendinae of the AV valves are anchored to the of the ventricles.
A. papillary muscles
B. pectinate muscles
C. trabeculae carnae
D. interventricular septum
E. interatrial septum
35. After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the .
A. right ventricle
B. pulmonary trunk
C. superior vena cava
D. ascending aorta
E. left atrium
36. Which of the following directly stems from the ascending aorta before it branches into the circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch?
A. Right coronary artery
B. Great cardiac vein
C. Right coronary vein
D. Left coronary artery
E. Left coronary vein
37. Obstruction of the will cause a more severe myocardial infarction (MI) than the obstruction of any of the others.
A. left marginal vein
B. left coronary artery (LCA)
C. posterior interventricular vein
D. anterior interventricular branch
E. circumflex branch
38. Which of the following is a feature shared by cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
A. Muscle fiber striations
B. Dependence upon nervous stimulation
C. Communication via electrical (gap) junctions
D. Intercalated discs
E. Autorhythmicity
39. The is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat.
A. sympathetic division of the nervous system
B. autonomic nervous system
C. sinoatrial (SA) node
D. atrioventricular (AV) node
E. cardiac conduction system
40. Which of the following is not part of the cardiac conduction system?
A. Sinoatrial (SA) node
B. Tendinous cords
C. Atrioventricular (AV) node
D. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
E. Subendothelial conducting network
41. Which of the following is not a feature of cardiac muscle?
A. They depend almost exclusively on aerobic respiration.
B. They are rich in glycogen.
C. They have larger than average mitochondria.
D. They are very rich in myoglobin.
E. They have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers.
42. Which is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiomyocyte in the left ventricle (LV)?
A. Sinoatrial (SA) node ? atrioventricular (AV) bundle ? atrioventricular (AV) node ? Subendothelial conducting network ? cardiomyocyte in LV
B. Atrioventricular (AV) node ? subendothelial conducting network ? atrioventricular (AV) bundle ? sinoatrial (SA) node ? cardiomyocyte in LV
C. Atrioventricular (AV) node ? sinoatrial (SA) node ? atrioventricular (AV) bundle ? Subendothelial
conducting network ? cardiomyocyte in LV
D. Sinoatrial (SA) node ? atrioventricular (AV) node ? atrioventricular (AV) bundle ? Subendothelial
conducting network ? cardiomyocyte in LV
E. Sinoatrial (SA) node ? atrioventricular (AV) node ? Subendothelial conducting network ? atrioventricular (AV) bundle ? cardiomyocyte in LV
43. The pacemaker potential is a result of .
A. Na+ inflow
B. Na+ outflow
C. K+ inflow
D. K+ outflow
E. Ca2+ inflow
44. The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of .
A. Na+ inflow
B. K+ inflow
C. K+ outflow
D. fast Ca2+ channels
E. slow Ca2+ channels
45. When sodium channels are fully open, the membrane of the ventricular cardiomyocyte .
A. sharply hyperpolarizes
B. sharply repolarizes
C. sharply depolarizes
D. plateaus
E. has no reponse
46. Cells of the sinoatrial node during the pacemaker potential.
A. depolarize fast
B. depolarize slow
C. repolarize slow
D. repolarize fast
E. depolarize slow and repolarize fast
47. Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a(n) .
A. ectopic focus
B. sinus rhythm
C. nodal rhythm
D. heart block
E. arrhythmia
48. If the sinoatrial (SA) node is damaged, the heart will likely beat at bpm.
A. 0 to 10
B. 10 to 20
C. 20 to 40
D. 40 to 50
E. 70 to 80
49. The provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction.
A. extracellular fluid
B. mitochondria
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi apparatus
E. cytoskeleton
50. Atrial systole begins .
A. immediately before the P wave
B. immediately after the P wave
C. during the Q wave
D. during the S-T segment
E. immediately after the T wave
51. Atrial depolarization causes the .
A. P wave
B. QRS complex
C. T wave
D. first heart sound
E. quiescent period
52. The long plateau in the action potential observed in cardiomyocytes is probably related with staying longer in the cytosol.
A. Na+
B. K+
C. Ca2+
D. Cl-
E. Na+, K+, and Ca2+
53. The long absolute refractory period of cardiomyocytes .
A. ensures a short twitch
B. prevents tetanus
C. makes the heart prone to arrhythmias
D. prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses
E. causes the pacemaker potential
54. An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following?
A. The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.
B. The signal is traveling too quickly to the AV node.
C. Ventricular contraction is taking longer than usual.
D. Ventricular contraction is faster than usual.
E. The atria are not contracting.
55. In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the .
A. R wave
B. QRS wave
C. P wave
D. S wave
E. T wave
56. When the left ventricle contracts, the valve closes and the valve is pushed open.
A. mitral; pulmonary
B. right AV; pulmonary
C. right AV; aortic
D. mitral; aortic
E. aortic; pulmonary
57. Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to leak back into the when the ventricles contract.
A. left atrium
B. right atrium
C. aorta
D. pulmonary trunk
E. pulmonary arteries
58. Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the of the electrocardiogram.
A. P wave
B. P-Q segment
C. R wave
D. S-T segment
E. T wave
59. During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles .
A. falls rapidly
B. rises rapidly
C. remains constant
D. rises and then falls
E. falls and then rises
60. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the heart sound that occurs when the .
A. lubb (S1); atria contract
B. dupp (S2); atria relax
C. lubb (S1); ventricles contract
D. dupp (S2); ventricles relax
E. lubb (S1); ventricles relax
61. When the aortic semilunar valve closes and blood bounces off of it, it produces the heart sound that is ultimately related to when the .
A. lubb (S1); atria contract
B. dupp (S2); atria relax
C. lubb (S1); ventricles contract
D. dupp (S2); ventricles relax
E. lubb (S1); ventricles relax
62. Which is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle?
A. Ventricular filling ? isovolumetric contraction ? isovolumetric relaxation ? ventricular ejection
B. Ventricular filling ? isovolumetric relaxation ? isovolumetric contraction ? ventricular ejection
C. Ventricular filling ? ventricular ejection ? isovolumetric contraction ? isovolumetric relaxation
D. Ventricular filling ? isovolumetric relaxation ? ventricular ejection ? isovolumetric contraction
E. Ventricular filling ? isovolumetric contraction ? ventricular ejection ? isovolumetric relaxation
63. Most of the ventricle filling occurs .
A. during atrial systole
B. when the AV valve is closed
C. during ventricular systole
D. during atrial diastole
E. during isovolumetric contraction
64. When the ventricles relax, the valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle.
A. aortic
B. pulmonary
C. mitral
D. left AV
E. right AV
65. Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle .
A. can cause pulmonary edema
B. can cause systemic edema
C. increases the ejection fraction of the right ventricle
D. reduces the ejection fraction of the left ventricle
E. increases cardiac output in both ventricles
66. Assume that the left ventricle of a child’s heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiacoutput of 2,400 mL/min. His SV is mL/beat and his HR is bpm.
A. 30; 80
B. 40; 60
C. 80; 30
D. 150; 16
E. 16; 150
67. Stroke volume is increased by .
A. high arterial blood pressure
B. negative inotropic agents
C. increased venous return
D. increased afterload
E. dehydration
68. The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called the .
A. cardiac reserve
B. preload
C. afterload
D. stroke volume
E. cardiac output
69. Cardioinhibitory centers in the receive input from .
A. cortex; proprioceptors in the muscles
B. thalamus; chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata
C. hypothalamus; proprioceptors in the joints
D. medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch
E. pons; baroreceptors in the internal carotid
70. The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to .
A. the end-systolic volume
B. the end-diastolic volume
C. the afterload
D. the heart rate
E. contractility
71. Mercury is used to measure blood pressure because it is compared to other liquids.
A. more dense
B. less dense
C. darker in color
D. lighter in color
E. warmer
True / False Questions
72. The ventricles are the thicker more powerful chambers of the heart. They pump blood to the lungs and body.
True False
Muliple Choice Questions
73. Electrical signals pass between cardiomyocytes through the .
A. gap junctions
B. desmosomes
C. tight junctions
D.emidesmosomes
True / False Questions
74. Blood pressure is usually measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) but could be measured with any liquid, such as water (mm H20).
True False
75. The amount of blood pumped through the pulmonary circuit is less than the amount pumped through the systemic circuit.
True False
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