08 Oct Explain the difference between validity and soundness.

Strategies for Decision Making

Question 1In your own words, explain the difference between validity and soundness.

Question 2In your own words, construct a syllogism showing that John has parents.

Major premise: Jack and Jane have three children.

Minor premise: John is one of Jack and Jane’s children.

Conclusion: Hence, John has parents.

Question 3In your own words, explain the difference between ethical reasoning that is deontological and ethical reason that is consequentialist.

Question 4What are the three requirements of cogent reasoning?

Question 5What is the difference between a descriptive premise and a prescriptive premise?

Question 6Identify the following argument form: If P, then Q. P, therefore Q.

Question 7Beliefs that are the most ingrained and most resistant to amendment of all of our background beliefs comprise our:

Question 8Choose the best answer that applies: Words such as “because,” “since,” “for,” “hence,” “therefore” and “so” are examples of:

Question 9The view that morality is independent of human opinion is known as:

Question 10“Flying on airplanes is probably safe because your chance of dying is lower than dying in a car accident” is an example of what kind of argument?

Question 11What distinguishes moral arguments from descriptive arguments?

Question 12What kind of argument works by assuming the opposite of what we want to prove in order to show its counterintuitive implications?

Question 13A statement that is necessarily  (i.e. it must be ) is known as a:

Question 14An argument containing three categorical propositions is known as a:

Question 15Identify the following kind of reasoning: “All X’s observed are Y’s. So, all X’s whatsoever are Y’s.”

Question 16Jack explains to John that it is wrong to lie because it violates the obligation to tell the truth. What kind of reasoning is Jack engaging in?

Question 17Jack explains to John that it is wrong to lie because he will get caught and lose his job. What kind of reasoning is Jack engaging in?

Question 18Reasoning that is in error is known as

Question 19Beliefs concerning the nature of human nature and the reliability of information sources are two kinds of:

Question 20Reasoning that is based off similarities between like cases is known as: