03 Aug Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography

Williams et al. (2019) provide the existing evidence and the needed research in relation to racism and health. Research in the past few years has illustrated the remarkable growth in scientific research, and it has illustrated the different ways in which racism negatively affects health. The major issue is the persistent ethnic and racial inequalities in healthcare. Empirical evidence has illustrated that socioeconomic factors, in addition to environmental factors, are accountable for health disparities. The author also indicates that racism is responsible for negative health outcomes in ethnic minority groups. There is also evidence of other primary domains of cultural racism, racism-structural and individual-level discrimination to the physical and mental health outcomes. At the individual level, the patient is able to experience a lack of effective care, long waiting lines, and a lack of a qualified physician who is able to meet their needs. Cultural racism is responsible for disparities in terms of the lack of qualifications the healthcare providers need to deliver the best care to ethnic minority groups. Structural racism results in a lack of accessible hospitals for ethnic minority groups. Further research is needed to understand how to address the different areas of racism that result in health inequalities. It also needed to understand the culture of the affected groups and establish how they can get assistance in access to the best care.