You are required to use at least three of the assigned readings for the essay. Depending on your topic, it may be very useful to bring in an additional source that directly targets what you want to analyze. That being said, all of the assigned readings are excellent and you can do well in this course by showing that you’veunderstood their arguments.Your essays, however, should not merely summarize the readings. Rather, your goal should be to focus on some specific area relevant to each Part of the course, making selective use of the sources that you’ve chosen.

Here are some broad topics for the essay that could be developed into an essay focus: i) the reform efforts that began in the 11thcentury and their role in defining the place of the Church in medieval society; ii)the strategies used by the Church to define and diminish the impact of dissenters (heretics). (Any topic can be chosen and then a specific essay will be written on that topic)

The general characteristics of a strong essay include:

focus – opening paragraph effectively introducing your topic and clearly stating the thesis or position that you’ll be defending and explaining; it usually helps to provide some context first before you state your thesis, but keep your discussion of this context to a minimum
organization – each paragraph should have a clear focus and provide support in some way for your thesis (I shouldn't have to try and guess what the connection is); analysis should flow smoothly with no sudden leaps to unrelated ideas
use of sources – evidence that you’ve understood the key points of a scholar’s argument and how they’re relevant to your thesis; use of a proper citation method (your choice, but must be one that gives page numbers for citations)
critical response – identify possible weaknesses in the existing arguments, and/or perspectives that could deepen the analysis, and/or further questions that could be relevant
technique – exemplary grammar, spelling, sentence structure, style; your aim here should be clarity of expression, not complexity for the sake of complexity

As stated in the syllabus, I've provided a few topic areas that you can work with, if any of them appeal to you. Again, don't feel that you *have* to use any of them. The best topic is the one that i) grabs your attention the most AND ii) is well-analyzed by the sources that you're using.Practically speaking, you'll want to already be thinking about directions you might want to go and be assessing which readings (or other sources) you might make use of to get there.