1. (25 Points): Explain the difference between 'morality', and ‘ethics’.

Explain in detail and give a clear example.

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(50 Points)

2. Define both personhood and a moral agent?

What criteria can be used to determine what qualifies for personhood? Could rivers, robots, artificial intelligence computers qualify for personhood? How do your beliefs and values impact your answer.

Explain in detail write an essay of at least 500 words for this question. Write with rigor and cogency. Define all philosophical terms.

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3. (25 Points): Define the differences between Soft Universalism and Hard Universalism and its relationship to cultural tolerance

Explain in detail and give a clear example.

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4. (100 Points) View the following video first:

Click on this link (Links to an external site.)

This is a three part question requiring a response to each part. Be very rigorous and comprehensive in your response:

A. Using the "Hedonistic Calculus", determine whether the use of torture of enemy prisoners in a military prison could be necessary to reach a utilitarian decision.

B. Using the "Harm Principle", determine whether the use of torture of enemy prisoners in a military prison could be necessary to reach a utilitarian decision.

C. Using the "Kant’s Deontology", determine whether the use of torture of enemy prisoners in a military prison could be necessary to reach a deontological decision.

Define each of the theories that you reference and what philosopher formulated the theory. Then apply the theory to the question. Be very rigorous in how you utilize all aspect of the ethical theories.