20 Sep *Use the cardiovascular medical word elements

*Your first patient has a cardiovascular problem.

*Use the cardiovascular medical word elements chart from your textbook to develop at least 10 medical terms that would be appropriate for use in evaluating a cardiovascular complaint(see below).
* Make sure you list at least 3 tests and 3 procedures having to do with your patients condition.

aneurysm/o

aneurysm (widened blood vessel)   
aneurysm/o/rrhaphy (n–rz-MOR–f): suture of an aneurysm

-rrhaphy: suture

angi/o

vessel (usually blood or lymph)   
angi/o/plasty (N-j–pls-t):________________________________________

-plasty: surgical repair

Angioplasty is a procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores blood flow using a balloon-tipped catheter.

vascul/o

vascul/itis (vs-k-L-ts):________________________________________

-itis: inflammation

aort/o

aorta   
aort/o/stenosis (-or-t-st-N-ss):________________________________________

-stenosis: narrowing, stricture

arteri/o

artery   
arteri/o/rrhexis (r-t-r–RK-ss):________________________________________

-rrhexis: rupture

arteriol/o

arteriole   
arteriol/itis (r-tr—L-ts):________________________________________

-itis: inflammation

atri/o

atrium   
atri/o/megaly (-tr–MG–l):________________________________________

-megaly: enlargement

ather/o

fatty plaque   
ather/oma (th-r–m):________________________________________

-oma: tumor

Atheromas are formed when fatty plaque builds up on the inner lining of arterial walls.

cardi/o

heart   
cardi/o/megaly (kr-d–MG–l):________________________________________

-megaly: enlargement

coron/o

coron/ary (KOR–n-r):________________________________________

-ary: pertaining to

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and the leading cause of death in the United States in men and women.

electr/o

electricity   
electr/o/cardi/o/gram (-lk-tr-KR-d–grm):________________________________________

cardi/o: heart

-gram: record, recording

An electrocardiogram helps detect many heart problems including heart attacks, arrhythmias, and heart failure.

embol/o

embolus (plug)   
embol/ectomy (m-b-LK-t-m):________________________________________

-ectomy: excision, removal

An embolectomy is performed in emergency situations to open blood vessels and reestablish blood flow.

hemangi/o

blood vessel   
hemangi/oma (h-mn-j–m):________________________________________

-oma: tumor

Hemangiomas, also called strawberry marks and found mostly in neonates, are benign tumors of cells that line blood vessels and usually disappear over time.

my/o

muscle   
my/o/cardi/al (m–KR-d-l):________________________________________

cardi: heart

-al: pertaining to

phleb/o

vein   
phleb/ectasis (fl-BK-t-ss):________________________________________

-ectasis: dilation, expansion

ven/o

ven/o/stasis (v-n-ST-ss):________________________________________

-stasis: standing still

Venostasis, also called phlebostasis, is an abnormally slow blood flow in the veins and is a major risk factor for clot formation.

scler/o

hardening; sclera (white of eye)   
arteri/o/scler/osis (r-t-r–skl-R-ss):________________________________________

arteri/o: artery

-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

The most common cause of arteriosclerosis is the presence of an atheroma in the vessel. Other causes include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and familial tendency.

sept/o

septum   
sept/o/stomy (sp-TS-t-m):________________________________________

-stomy: forming an opening (mouth)

Septostomy is a temporary procedure performed to increase systemic oxygenation in infants with congenital heart defects until corrective surgery can be performed.

sphygm/o

pulse   
sphygm/oid (SFG-moyd):________________________________________

-oid: resembling

sten/o

narrowing, stricture   
sten/o/tic (st-NT-k):________________________________________

-tic: pertaining to

thromb/o

blood clot   
thromb/o/lysis (thrm-BL–ss):________________________________________

-lysis: separation; destruction; loosening

In thrombolysis, enzymes that destroy blood clots are infused into the occluded vessel.

valv/o

valve   
valv/o/tomy (v?l-VT-?-m?):________________________________________

-tomy: incision

Valvotomy commonly involves use of a balloon catheter passed through a blood vessel in the groin to gain access to a stenosed valve of the heart.

valvul/o

valvul/o/plasty (VL-v-l-pls-t):________________________________________

-plasty: surgical repair

ventricul/o

ventricle (of the heart or brain)   
ventricul/ar (vn-TRK–lr):________________________________________

-ar: pertaining to

Suffixes
-cardia

heart condition   
tachy/cardia (tk–KR-d-):________________________________________

tachy-: rapid

-stenosis

narrowing, stricture   
aort/o/stenosis (-or-t-st-N-ss):________________________________________

aort/o: aorta

Prefixes
brady-

slow   
brady/cardia (brd–KR-d-):________________________________________

-cardia: heart condition

endo-

in, within   
endo/vascul/ar (n-d-VS-k-lr):________________________________________

vascul: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

-ar: pertaining to

Endovascular procedures are those that occur within the lumen of a vessel.

extra-

outside   
extra/vascul/ar (ks-tr-VS-k-lr):________________________________________

vascul: vessel (usually blood or lymph)

-ar: pertaining to

peri-

around   
peri/cardi/al (pr–KR-d-l):________________________________________

cardi: heart

-al: pertaining to

Pericardial refers to the membrane that surrounds the heart, the pericardium.

trans-

across   
trans/sept/al (trns-SP-tl):________________________________________

sept: septum

-al: pertaining to

*Your second patient presents a problem of the skin.
*This time, use the integumentary medical word elements chart from your text to help you come up with at least 10 terms that relate to your patient’s disorder(see below).
* Describe 3 tests and 3 procedures that might be helpful to gather information.

adip/o

fat   
adip/osis (d–P-ss): abnormal condition of fat

-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Adiposis is an abnormal accumulation of fatty tissue in the body.

lip/o

lip/oma (l-P-m): ______________________________________

-oma: tumor

steat/o

steat/itis (st–T-ts): ______________________________________

-itis: inflammation

cutane/o

skin   
sub/cutane/ous (sb-k-T-n-s): ______________________________________

sub-: under, below

-ous: pertaining to

dermat/o

dermat/o/plasty (DR-m-t-pls-t): ______________________________________

-plasty: surgical repair

derm/o

hypo/derm/ic (h-p-DR-mk): ______________________________________

hypo-: under, below, deficient

-ic: pertaining to

Hypodermic needles are used for subcutaneous injections.

hidr/o

sweat   
hidr/aden/itis (h-drd–N-ts): ______________________________________

aden: gland

-itis: inflammation

Do not confuse hidr/o (sweat) with hydr/o (water).

sudor/o

sudor/esis (soo-d-R-ss): ______________________________________

-esis: condition

Sudoresis is the bodys physiological means to regulate body temperature.

ichthy/o

dry, scaly   
ichthy/osis (k-th–ss): ______________________________________

-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Ichthyosis can be any of several dermatological conditions in which the skin is dry and hardened (hyperkeratotic), resembling fish scales. A mild form of ichthyosis, called winter itch, is commonly seen on the legs of older patients, especially during the winter months.

kerat/o

horny tissue; hard; cornea   
kerat/osis (kr–T-ss): ______________________________________

-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Keratosis is a thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin, such as a callus or wart.

melan/o

black   
melan/oma (ml–N-m): ______________________________________

-oma: tumor

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes that commonly begins in a darkly pigmented mole and can metastasize widely.

myc/o

fungus (plural, fungi)   
dermat/o/myc/osis (dr-m-t-m-K-ss): ______________________________________

dermat/o: skin

-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

onych/o

nail   
onych/o/malacia (n–k-m-L-sh-): ______________________________________

-malacia: softening

ungu/o

ungu/al (NG-gwl): ______________________________________

-al: pertaining to

pil/o

hair   
pil/o/nid/al (p-l-N-dl): ______________________________________

nid: nest

-al: pertaining to

A pilonidal cyst commonly develops in the skin at the base of the spine. It develops as a growth of hair in a dermoid cyst.

trich/o

trich/o/pathy (trk-P–th):

-pathy: disease

scler/o

hardening; sclera (white of eye)   
scler/o/derma (skl-r-DR-m): ______________________________________

-derma: skin

Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder that causes the skin and internal organs to become progressively hardened as a result of deposits of collagen. It may occur as a localized form or as a systemic disease.

seb/o

sebum, sebaceous   
seb/o/rrhea (sb–R-): ______________________________________

-rrhea: discharge, flow

Seborrhea is an overactivity of the sebaceous glands.

squam/o

scale   
squam/ous (SKW-ms): ______________________________________

-ous: pertaining to

xen/o

foreign, strange   
xen/o/graft (ZN–grft): ______________________________________

-graft: transplantation

Xenografts are used as a temporary graft to protect the patient against infection and fluid loss.

xer/o

dry   
xer/o/derma (z-r-DR-m): ______________________________________

-derma: skin

Xeroderma is a chronic skin condition characterized by dryness and roughness and is a mild form of ichthyosis.

Suffixes
-cyte

cell   
lip/o/cyte (LP–st): ______________________________________

lip/o: fat

-derma

skin   
py/o/derma (p–DR-m): ______________________________________

py/o: pus

Pyoderma is an acute, inflammatory, purulent bacterial dermatitis. It may be primary, such as impetigo, or secondary to a previous skin condition.

-logist

specialist in the study of   
dermat/o/logist (dr-m-TL–jst): ______________________________________

dermat/o: skin

-logy

study of   
dermat/o/logy (dr-m-TL–j): ______________________________________

dermat/o: skin

-therapy

treatment   
cry/o/therapy (kr–THR–p): ______________________________________

cry/o: cold

Cryotherapy is used to destroy tissue by freezing with liquid nitrogen. Cutaneous warts and actinic keratosis are common skin disorders that respond well to cryotherapy treatment.

Prefixes
an-

without, not   
an/hidr/osis (n-h-DR-ss): ______________________________________

hidr: sweat

-osis: abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

epi-

above, upon   
epi/derm/is (p–DR-ms): ______________________________________

derm: skin

-is: noun ending

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin.

homo-

same   
homo/graft (H-m-grft): ______________________________________

-graft: transplantation